海贼王に俺はなる
原创 CSS pengchen 2017, April 10
问题:
如果我们要为一个容器设置红色背景和一道黑色半透明边框,我们可能会这样写:
border: 20px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.5); background: red;
但是效果却是这样的(图1-1.png);我们的半透明颜色怎么没有实现半透明边框?
解决方案:
我们可以通过background-clip属性来调整上面的默认行为,把它是值设为padding-box,然后就出现了我们想要的效果(图1-2.png);
border: 20px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.5); background: red; background-clip: padding-box;
既然用到了background-clip属性,那我们就来看看这个属性吧;
background-clip: 设置元素的背景(背景图片或颜色)是否延伸到边框下面。
值(values ) | 说明 |
---|---|
border-box |
默认初始值,背景延伸到边框外沿(但是在边框之下) |
padding-box |
边框下面没有背景,即背景延伸到内边距外沿 |
content-box |
背景裁剪到内容区 (content-box) 外沿 |
text |
实验API,背景裁剪到前景文本( foreground text)内。 |
示例
CSS content
span { border: 10px blue; border-style: dotted double; margin: 1em; padding: 2em; background: #F8D575; } .border-box { background-clip: border-box; } .padding-box { background-clip: padding-box; } .content-box { background-clip: content-box; } .text { background-clip: text; }
HTML content
<span class="border-box">border-box</span> <span class="padding-box">padding-box</span> <span class="content-box">content-box</span> <span class="text">text</span>
效果:(图2-1.png)
初始值:
border-image-source: none
border-image-slice: 100%
border-image-width: 1
border-image-outset: 0s
border-image-repeat: stretch
4.1 border-image-source: none | <image>
where
<image> = <url> | <image()> | <image-set()> | <element()> | <cross-fade()> | <gradient>
where
<image()> = image([ [ <image> | <string> ]? , <color>? ]!)
<image-set()> = image-set(<image-set-option>#)
<element()> = element( <id-selecter> )
<cross-fade()> = cross-fade(<cf-mixing-image>,<cf-final-image>?)
<gradient> = <linear-gradient()> | <repeating-linear-gradient()> | <radial-gradient()> | <repeating-radial-gradient()>
Gradient示例:
<linear-gradient()> = linear-gradient( [<angle> | to <side-or-corner>]?, <color-stop-list>)
CSS content
.gradient { border: 30px solid; border-image-source: linear-gradient(to right, red, green, blue); /*border-image-source: linear-gradient(90deg, red, green, blue);*/ border-image-slice: 10; padding: 20px; }
效果:(图4-1.png)
4.2 border-image-slice:[ <number> | <percentage> ]{1,4}&& fill?
这个border-imge-slice
属性传入1~4个参数(number没有单位专指像素或百分比值)将图片分割成9个部分,1,2,3,4四个区块是不会拉伸,不会平铺,称之为盲区,5,6,7,8四个区块可以通过border-image-repeat
来控制拉伸平铺和重复(stretch:默认值,拉伸; repeat:平铺; round:整数次平铺;
),第9区块不显示,传入参数fill
则显示第9区块,分割情况如下图(图4-2.png && 图4-3.png):
我们通过上面这张图片(81px^81px)来看传入不同个数的参数是如何分割这张图片的;
1个参数
/* border-image-slice: slice */ border-image-slice: 27; border: 30px solid transparent; padding: 20px; border-image-source:url([https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/4127/border.png](https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/4127/border.png));
2个参数(参考图4-3.png)
/* border-image-slice: vertical horizontal */ border-image-slice: 40 40.5; border: 30px solid transparent; padding: 20px; border-image-source:url([https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/4127/border.png](https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/4127/border.png));
3个参数
/* border-image-slice: top horizontal bottom */ border-image-slice: 27 40 27; border: 30px solid transparent; padding: 20px; border-image-source:url([https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/4127/border.png](https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/4127/border.png));
4个参数(参考图4-2.png)
/* border-image-slice: top right bottom left */ border-image-slice: 27 40 27 27; border: 30px solid transparent; padding: 20px; border-image-source:url([https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/4127/border.png](https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/4127/border.png));
4.3 border-image-width:[ <length> | <percentage> | <number> | auto ]{1,4}
语法:
border-image-width: all /* One-value syntax */
E.g. border-image-width: 3;
border-image-width: vertical horizontal /* Two-value syntax */
E.g. border-image-width: 2em 3em;
border-image-width: top horizontal bottom /* Three-value syntax */
E.g. border-image-width: 5% 15% 10%;
border-image-width: top right bottom left /* Four-value syntax */
E.g. border-image-width: 5% 2em 10% auto;
设置边框图片的width,如果超出了设置的border-width,会向内扩展;查看下方示例,比较(图4-10.png && 图4-11.png);
示例:
border: 30px solid transparent; padding: 20px; border-image-source: url("https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/4127/border.png"); border-image-slice: 27;
border: 30px solid transparent; padding: 20px; border-image-source:url([https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/4127/border.png](https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/4127/border.png)); border-image-slice: 27; border-image-width: 1 2 1 1;
4.4 border-image-outset:[ <length> | <number> ]{1,4}
语法:
/* border-image-outset: sides */
border-image-outset: 30%;
/* border-image-outset:vertical horizontal */
border-image-outset: 10% 30%;
/* border-image-outset: top horizontal bottom */
border-image-outset: 30px 30% 45px;
/* border-image-outset:top right bottom left */
border-image-outset: 7px 12px 14px 5px;
效果是将边框图片延伸到盒子外面,查看下放示例,比较(图4-12.png && 图4-13.png); 示例:
border: 30px solid transparent; padding: 20px; border-image-source:url([https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/4127/border.png](https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/4127/border.png)); border-image-slice: 27; margin: 60px;
border: 30px solid transparent; padding: 20px; border-image-source:url([https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/4127/border.png](https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/4127/border.png)); border-image-slice: 27; margin: 60px; border-image-outset: 2 1 1 1;
4.5 border-image-repeat:[ stretch | repeat | round ]{1,2}
值(value) | 说明 |
---|---|
stretch |
默认初始值 ,;拉伸 |
repeat |
平铺 |
round |
整数次平铺 |
语法:
border-image-repeat: type /* One-value syntax */
E.g. border-image-value: stretch;
border-image-repeat: horizontal vertical /* Two-value syntax */
E.g. border-image-width: round space;
本内容根据《css揭秘》, MDN 和自己的理解进行整理; 感谢您的阅读。